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Description
The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most active regions for the internal solitary wave (ISW). During the ISW propagation, strong sound-speed perturbations can be induced, leading to anomalous underwater acoustic propagation phenomena, which have a significant impact on hydroacoustic detection. To quantitatively asses these impacts, this study considers three representative ISW on the northern SCS continental slope. Time-varying acoustic field models are constructed, and numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the source localization errors and the horizontal deflection of acoustic propagation in ISW-affected environments. The results indicate that, across the three ISW cases, the mean localization error rates in source range and depth reach 10% and 15%, respectively, while the maximum horizontal deflection angle reaches 8°. Furthermore, when the ISWs passes through the source, the mode-1 single ISW causes acoustic waves propagating along the wave-crest direction to be deflected outward, away from the crest. In contrast, the mode-2 single ISW produces the weakest horizontal deflection for its smaller amplitude and the presence of a near-surface low-sound-speed layer. For the mode-1 ISW packet, multiple constituent waves induce repeated bending of acoustic propagation paths, resulting in a more persistent influence over time.